OBJECTIVE: To assess the epidemiological impact of mass tuberculosis (TB) screening in the community and the prognosis of bacteriologically negative individuals with abnormal findings on chest radiography (CXR). METHODS: A follow-up study consisting of two parts a register match of notified TB cases with 22 160 participants in a national TB prevalence survey, and a repeat medical examination for the subjects of a prevalence survey with abnormal findings on CXR was conducted 2 years after the prevalence survey in Cambodia.